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dog's owner mentioned a specific object,such as a "ball",but displayed a different item,Dlike a stick,as opposed to when both the spoken word and the presented object matched.The recent spread of "fake news"may make it seem like misinformation is a relativelyThis was indeed the case,with the results being strongest when the obiect was very familiarmodern invention.But falsehoods (and wild claims have been part of human cultureto the dog.That's similar to what researchers have seen in humans and is widely acceptedfor ahout as long as it's existed.This is because misinformation orrgnates with,and isas evidence that they understand the words.sproawpy,fellow humans.Writing in Current Biology,the scientists say the results "provide the first neuralWhen you've ever had to communicate an important,but complex,issue to a generalevidence for object word knowledge in a non-human animal".audience,you may have a sea of the most reliable dlata.the most elegant PowerPoint slidesBut the true extent of the dogs'comprehension is still unknown,even by the study'sand the full backing of every famous expert in the relevant field.And yet,you can still beauthors,since the dogs were responding to their own toys and objects that the ownersless persuasive thar someone whose entire argument is:"A guy I met down the pub toldbrought to the lab.me something different."The researchers are now curious to know if this ability to understand referentialIn a perfectly sensible,logical world,someone who is loosely connected with a certainlanguage is specific to dogs or might be present in other mammals as well.Either way,field or industry wouldn't have the same influence as actual data or the leading experts inthey want to learn more about how this ability emerged and whether it depends on dogs'the field.But humaus aren'r perfectly sensible,logical crratres and neither is the worldnique experience of living with people.we live in.28.Which aspect of dogs did Boros's research focus on?The ability to think rationally (and analytically is a relatively recent additionA.Their speed of learning actions.to our mental abilities (in the evolutionary sense).And it costs our brains a lot of energyB.Their willingness to follow ordersand effort.The more established,fundamental systems in our brain,which shape memoryC.Their responses to training treats.and learning,are heavily reliant on emotion.The more emotionally stimulating somethingD.Their capacity of understanding nouns.is,the easier it is to remember.That's why we can spend months revising the material for29.What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about?a crucial school exam,but struggle to remember any of it once we've passed.Meanwhile,A.The result of human-dog interactions.the embarrassing time we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen ..B.The process of Boros's experiment.that memory will last until our dying day.C.The logic.of pattern matching.The most determined sceptics(无t神论者)will often say,“Facts don't care about youD.The theory of EEG analysis.feelings,"which is correct.But feelings don't necessarily care about facts either.Anc30.The brain recording results showed a different pattern in the brain whenultimately,feelings have more of a say in what we think and do.And that's why your matA.pet owners showed more objects than usualdown the pub can seem more believable than a pile of pubnshed research.B.dogs had a larger vocabulary of object words32.Whar contriputes to the apread of "fake news"?C.the experiment was conducted in a new environmentn.Feople.factor.D.the spoken word and the presented object mismatchedB Hiuman culture.31.What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?Moderninvention.A.Conclusions from the experiment.Information accuracy.B.Insights into dogs'experiences.C.Expectations for future studies.33.Wny are actual data less persuasive to general audiences?D.Applications of the discovery.They prefer making sensible analyses.B.They are more likely to be emotional..They have more trust in authority.D.They overestimate themselves.英语试卷第7页（共12页）英语试卷第8页（共12页）